Post-Recurrence Survival in Extremely Early-Stage Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Host-Oriented Prognostic Extension of Prior Recurrence Analysis.

Authors

Yiquan Chen, Haijun Wu

Published in

Journal of stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery. Pages 102906. Jul 19, 2026. Epub Jul 19, 2026.

Abstract

Although extremely early-stage oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is generally associated with favorable primary outcomes, recurrence remains a major clinical challenge. Survival after recurrence is highly heterogeneous, and standardized post-recurrence risk stratification is lacking. The prognostic significance of host-related factors, particularly nutritional deterioration after recurrence, has not been systematically evaluated.
This retrospective study analyzed post-recurrence survival in 106 patients with extremely early-stage OSCC who developed recurrence. Overall survival was defined from recurrence to death or censoring. Post-recurrence nutritional change was assessed using body mass index change. Multivariable Cox models were applied after feature selection. A parsimonious prognostic model was internally validated, and risk stratification was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Interaction analyses explored effect modification across clinical subgroups.
The median follow-up after recurrence was 48.95 months. Post-recurrence BMI change and vascular invasion were the strongest predictors of survival after recurrence. The model showed good discrimination and calibration, with time-dependent AUCs of 0.979 for 3-year survival and 0.925 for 5-year survival, along with clear survival separation among risk groups (log-rank P < 0.001). The adverse prognostic impact of BMI decline was consistent across subgroups, whereas age-related risk varied by pathological and metabolic characteristics.
Post-recurrence survival in extremely early-stage OSCC is strongly influenced by host-related nutritional deterioration. Monitoring BMI change may support individualized risk stratification and post-recurrence supportive care.

PMID:
42472592
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Jul 2026.

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