Level-specific accuracy of robotic-assisted versus fluoroscopy-assisted lumbar pedicle screw placement: a retrospective comparative cohort study.

Authors

F Iaccarino, D E Dugoni, G Pavesi, A Landi, M Gallieni, A K Aftahy, C Iaccarino, M Giordano

Published in

Journal of robotic surgery. Volume 20. Issue 1. Jul 20, 2026. Epub Jul 20, 2026.

Abstract

Background robotic-assisted (RA) pedicle screw placement has been increasingly adopted in lumbar spine surgery because of its potential to improve accuracy compared with conventional fluoroscopy-assisted (FA) techniques. However, vertebral level-specific differences remain insufficiently characterized. This study compared RA and FA lumbar pedicle screw placement focusing on level-specific and side-specific radiographic accuracy. Methods a retrospective single-center comparative cohort study was conducted using prospectively collected data. A total of 2065 lumbar pedicle screws were analyzed, including 1053 placed using RA and 1012 using conventional FA instrumentation. Screw accuracy was assessed postoperatively using the Gertzbein-Robbins classification, with Grade A considered optimal. Level-specific and side-specific analyses were performed for L1-L5. Fisher's exact test, clustered logistic regression, and propensity score weighted sensitivity analyses were used for statistical comparisons. Results Grade A placement was achieved in 99.1% of RA screws (1044/1053) versus 87.9% of FA screws (890/1012) (p < 0.001). Robotic-assisted instrumentation demonstrated significantly higher rates of optimal screw placement across all lumbar levels and both sides. The greatest relative differences were observed at upper lumbar levels, particularly L1-L2. At L5, Grade A placement reached 100.0% on the right side and 99.5% on the left side in the RA cohort, compared with 89.2% and 88.1% in the FA cohort (both p < 0.001). Fluoroscopy-assisted instrumentation independently predicted lower odds of optimal screw placement (OR 0.042, 95% CI 0.016-0.111; p < 0.001). Conclusions robotic-assisted lumbar pedicle screw placement was associated with significantly higher radiographic Grade A screw placement accuracy than FA instrumentation.

PMID:
42474831
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Jul 2026.

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