Authors
Luisa de Siqueira Rotenberg, Maria Eduarda Carrozzino Boog, Alia Garrudo Guirado, Renata Curvello, Clara Nardini, Milene da Silva Franco, Tais Boeira Biazus, Thuani Campanha, Cristiana Castanho de Almeida Rocca, Beny Lafer
Published in
Revista brasileira de psiquiatria (Sao Paulo, Brazil : 1999). Jul 20, 2026. Epub Jul 20, 2026.
Abstract
Childhood trauma and psychotic symptoms are prevalent in bipolar disorder (BD) and independently linked to social cognition impairments, particularly Theory of Mind (ToM). However, it remains unclear whether trauma and psychosis exert cumulative effects on ToM performance in BD.
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 54 euthymic individuals with BD reporting at least moderate childhood trauma (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ). Participants completed the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (RMET) to assess ToM. Clinical and sociodemographic data were collected. Participants were stratified by lifetime psychotic symptoms for between-group comparisons.
Individuals with a history of psychotic symptoms (n=18) reported significantly higher total CTQ scores (Mean=61.0, SD=15.7) than those without psychotic symptoms (Mean=44.5, SD=13.1; p=0.028) and exhibited significantly lower ToM accuracy (Mean RMET=23.0, SD=4.5 vs. 25.4, SD=3.4; p<0.001, d=0.58).
In BD, the co-occurrence of childhood trauma and lifetime psychosis is associated with more pronounced ToM deficits. These results highlight the need for trauma-informed approaches and early cognitive interventions targeting social cognition in individuals with BD and psychosis history.
PMID:
42475392
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 21 Jul 2026.
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