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Visual trait variation and allometric scaling indicate intra- and inter-caste plasticity in the social wasp Protopolybia sedula.

Created on 22 Jul 2026

Authors

André Rodrigues de Souza, Priscila Araújo, Eduardo Fernando Santos, Fábio Santos do Nascimento, Amanda Prato, Wilson Franca, Emily Baird

Published in

The Journal of experimental biology. Jul 22, 2026. Epub Jul 22, 2026.

Abstract

Understanding how phenotypic plasticity arises in sensory traits is a key challenge in evolutionary and developmental biology. Eusocial insects offer a useful model for exploring it, because their castes perform distinct tasks and occupy different light environments. We examined morphological variation and scaling in the visual systems of female castes of Protopolybia sedula, a neotropical wasp with simultaneous polygyny. Although queens are larger than workers, both castes showed similar eye area, ommatidial diameter, and ommatidia number. However, queens showed greater variability in ommatidial diameter, while workers varied more in eye area and ommatidia number. Allometric patterns also diverged: queen eye area scaled hypoallometrically and ommatidial diameter hyperallometrically with body size, whereas workers displayed isometric scaling for both traits. Analysis of ommatidia size and number indicates workers allocate more resources to increasing ommatidia number, while queens emphasize enlarging ommatidia. These differences highlight distinct developmental and scaling strategies that generate caste-specific visual adaptations. Additional language abstract Compreender como a plasticidade fenotípica em características sensoriais surge é um desafio fundamental na biologia evolutiva e do desenvolvimento. Insetos eussociais oferecem um modelo útil para explorá-la, pois suas castas desempenham tarefas distintas e ocupam diferentes ambientes luminosos. Examinamos a variação morfológica e a escala nos sistemas visuais de castas femininas de Protopolybia sedula, uma vespa neotropical com poliginia simultânea. Embora as rainhas sejam maiores que as operárias, ambas as castas apresentaram área do olho, diâmetro dos omatídios e número de omatídios semelhantes. No entanto, as rainhas mostraram maior variabilidade no diâmetro dos omatídios, enquanto as operárias variaram mais na área do olho e no número de omatídios. Os padrões alométricos também divergiram: a área dos olhos das rainhas apresentou escala hipoalométrica e o diâmetro dos omatídios hiperalométrica com o tamanho do corpo, enquanto as operárias exibiram escala isométrica para ambas as características. A análise do tamanho e do número de omatídios indica que as operárias alocam mais recursos para aumentar o número de omatídios, enquanto as rainhas priorizam o aumento do tamanho dos omatídios. Essas diferenças destacam estratégias distintas de desenvolvimento e escalonamento que geram adaptações visuais específicas para cada casta.

PMID:
42482681
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Jul 2026.

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