Authors
Chenguang Zhang, Mingqiang Zhang, Xuyan Chen, Xiangdong Mu, He Yin, Jingjing Li, Hao Yang, Sheng Wu
Published in
Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Jul 24, 2026. Epub Jul 24, 2026.
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between nutritional status, T cell-mediated immunosuppression involving PD-1 and CTLA-4, and the prognosis of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Following the enrollment protocol, 60 participants were recruited, and their medical records were collected. Blood samples were obtained to assess the expression of PD-1 and CTLA-4 across different T-cell subsets. Logistic regression analysis revealed no significant association between PD-1/CTLA-4 expression and severe CAP (SCAP) or 28-day mortality. However, elevated levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 on CD4 + T cells correlated with higher Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI) scores. Patients identified as being at malnutrition risk (Nutritional Risk Screening [NRS-2002] score ≥ 3) exhibited a higher proportion of SCAP and experienced prolonged hospital stays compared to those without nutritional risk. Furthermore, higher expression levels of PD-1 and CTLA-4 were observed in the malnutrition risk group. Malnutrition was associated with longer hospitalization and an increased risk of severe CAP. Elevated PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression on CD4 + T cells was linked to higher PSI scores. These findings suggest that nutritional status may influence the development of immunosuppression, potentially through pathways involving PD-1 and CTLA-4.
PMID:
42493515
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 24 Jul 2026.
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