Authors
Zongjun Mou, Shanshan Wang, Lauren Swanback, Yong Pan, Tiffany Tsai, Peicheng Ji, Jordan Su, Bibekananda Sahoo, Xinghong Dai
Published in
Science advances. Volume 12. Issue 30. Pages eaed8023. Jul 24, 2026. Epub Jul 24, 2026.
Abstract
Glycoprotein B (gB) of herpesviruses mediates membrane fusion with host cells during viral entry. Stabilizing gB in its prefusion conformation is a primary strategy for vaccine development. While prefusion-like gB structures of several human herpesviruses have been solved, the native conformational landscape and structural dynamics of gB remain largely unknown. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy structures of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gB from virions, revealing a predominant prefusion state and a minor population of an intermediate, primed state. Unique to α-herpesviruses, a tethering helix cross-links adjacent protomers and stabilizes these conformations. A further downstream intermediate we named as the deep-primed state was captured in a mutant and showed that structural changes in the central helices drive the disengagement of the fusion loops from the membrane-proximal regions, priming gB for membrane insertion. Leveraging these structural insights, we engineered gB mutants locked in distinct conformational states. Our findings provide an atlas for designing gB-based vaccines more closely mimicking the infectious virus.
PMID:
42497258
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Jul 2026.
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