Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on metabolic outcomes in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Authors

Milene Vitória Sampaio Sobral, Rodrigo Bettanim Menechini, Jordana Belgamasco Cavalcanti Marçal, Anna Victoria de Vasconcelos, Letícia Hanna Moura da Silva Gattas Graciolli, Rafaela Correia Maciel, Amanda Monteiro, Wellgner Fernandes Oliveira Amador, Thaísa Aparecida de Souza Acuia

Published in

Schizophrenia research. Volume 297. Pages 8-16. Jul 24, 2026. Epub Jul 24, 2026.

Abstract

Individuals with schizophrenia have markedly increased cardiometabolic morbidity, largely attributable to antipsychotic-induced weight gain, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia, particularly with clozapine- and olanzapine-based regimens. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia.
PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials were searched from inception to September 16, 2025 for randomized clinical trials comparing GLP-1RAs with placebo or standard care. The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251177261). Random-effects models were used to pool mean differences (MDs) and risk ratios (RRs).
Eight randomized clinical trials including 523 participants were analyzed. GLP-1RAs significantly reduced body weight (MD -6.47; 95% CI, -9.61 to -3.32), body mass index (MD -2.83; 95% CI, -3.81 to -1.86), waist circumference (MD -5.35; 95% CI, -6.60 to -4.09), and glycated hemoglobin levels (MD -0.32; 95% CI, -0.39 to -0.26) compared with placebo or standard care. Exploratory subgroup analyses suggested marked differences across individual agents: exenatide showed a smaller and non-significant reduction in body weight, liraglutide showed a significant moderate reduction, and semaglutide showed the largest reduction. No significant effects were observed for fasting insulin, lipid parameters, or blood pressure. Gastrointestinal adverse events were more frequent with GLP-1RAs.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, GLP-1RAs were associated with clinically meaningful improvements in anthropometric and glycemic outcomes in antipsychotic-treated patients with schizophrenia, with acceptable tolerability primarily characterized by gastrointestinal adverse events.

PMID:
42497473
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Jul 2026.

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