B chromosomes put the 'super' in supernumerary.

Authors

Kaylah B Samuelson, Stacey L Hanlon

Published in

Trends in genetics : TIG. Jul 24, 2026. Epub Jul 24, 2026.

Abstract

In addition to the essential set of chromosomes, individuals can carry supernumerary chromosomes that are not required for normal growth, development, or reproduction. Collectively, these extra chromosomes are called B chromosomes, and modern advances in genomic and cytological technology have accelerated our understanding of their fascinating biology. Here, we provide a brief history of B chromosome research, followed by an examination of their formation and dynamics. We conclude with an outlook on what the novel biology of B chromosomes can teach us and how it can be exploited as important tools for biotechnology, agriculture, and the advancement of human health.

PMID:
42498533
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Jul 2026.

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