Different green synthesis methods of Co₃O₄ NPs using aloe vera leaves: enhance H₂ and O₂ production from NaBH₄ hydrolysis and H₂O₂ decomposition.

Authors

Simon W Samouel, Tarek T Ali, Bahaa M Abu-Zied, Hatem A Mahmoud

Published in

Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Jul 24, 2026. Epub Jul 24, 2026.

Abstract

Green synthesis of cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄ NPs) was achieved using aloe vera leaves via hydrothermal, microwave irradiation, and co-precipitation methods. XRD analysis confirmed the high purity and crystallinity of the catalysts, as no other phases or impurities were observed in the crystal lattice. Catalysts' morphology was visualized by FESEM images that showed flower-like morphology for AHT and capsule-like shapes for AMW and AWB. The chemical environment was identified by XPS analysis, which also confirmed the synthesis of Co₃O₄ NPs by the presence of Co²⁺ and Co³⁺ ions on the catalysts' surface. All catalysts exhibited dual functionality: catalyzing NaBH₄ hydrolysis and H₂O₂ decomposition. During NaBH₄ hydrolysis, AHT demonstrated superior catalytic performance with a hydrogen generation rate (HGR) of 4267 ml.min^- 1.g^- 1 at 45 °C. Further study on the efficient catalyst (AHT) was performed to evaluate the effect of catalyst weight, NaBH₄ concentration, alkalinity, and recyclability on catalytic activity. In H₂O₂ decomposition, AWB displayed higher activity with a lower activation energy (E_a) of 39.66 kJ/mol.

PMID:
42498797
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Jul 2026.

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