Giant Capacitive Energy Storage in Lead-Free Super-Paraelectric Relaxor Ferroelectric Films With Simple Composition.

Authors

Zhengyang Kong, Jie Tu, Zhuxin Zhang, Yuxin Lei, Kun Han, Binbin Chen, Xianbing Miao, Zhen Huang, Liqiang Xu

Published in

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). Pages e74824. Jul 25, 2026. Epub Jul 25, 2026.

Abstract

This study demonstrates giant capacitive energy storage in Sr-doped BaTiO₃-CeO₂ (B_{1- x}S_xT-C, 0.0 ≤ x ≤ 1.0) lead-free epitaxial films via a simple compositional design. By systematically tuning Sr doping level, the polarization behavior of B_{1- x}S_xT-C films transforms from relaxor ferroelectric to super-paraelectric state, achieving optimized polarization behavior with large maximum polarization, low remnant polarization, and high breakdown strength. Structural analysis reveals that Sr doping induces disordered local structures, forming mixed-phase nanodomains with local symmetry breaking, suppressing hysteresis while maintaining high polarization. The Sr doping significantly enhances the energy storage efficiency (η) of BaTiO₃-based films from ∼ 80% to ∼ 90%, while simultaneously boosting the energy storage density (U_e) from 57.6 J/cm³ to 81.2 J/cm³. Specially, at x = 0.8, the film achieves a high η of ∼ 85% and a superior U_e of 81.2 J/cm³. Remarkably, all B_{1- x}S_xT-C films exhibit excellent frequency stability (10 Hz-2 kHz) and thermal stability (25°C-160°C), demonstrating their reliability and stability in energy storage applications. This work provides a practical strategy for designing compositionally optimized and environmentally friendly energy storage films.

PMID:
42502179
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 26 Jul 2026.

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