Psychosocial risk factors linked to work and cultural competence among healthcare in professionals in Ceuta.

Authors

Sergio José Toribio-Martínez, Paloma Echevarría-Pérez, Francisca Sánchez-Ayllón, José Luis Gómez-Urquiza

Published in

Enfermeria clinica. Pages 502554. Jul 25, 2026. Epub Jul 25, 2026.

Abstract

To describe the work-related psychosocial risk factors and the level of clinical and cultural competence among healthcare professionals in the Ceuta Health District (Spain), and to provide a descriptive analysis of both dimensions within this population.
An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in four public health centres in the city of Ceuta and in the 061 Primary Care facility (October 2020-March 2021). All healthcare professionals (doctors, nurses, nursing assistants, and physiotherapists) who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate. With regard to the calculated sample size, 278 participants were initially. A self-administered questionnaire with 146 items was used, including questions on sociodemographic and occupational factors, health habits and psychosomatic symptoms, as well as instruments validated in Spanish to assess psychosocial risks and clinical-cultural competence. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics.
A response rate of 38.2% was obtained (134 questionnaires). Most participants were women (82.1%), predominantly nurses (56.7%) with more than 10 years' service, mostly working full-time. Relatively favourable health habits were observed (low consumption of alcohol and tobacco and perception of good health), although there was a significant presence of psychosomatic symptoms. In the psychosocial sphere, unfavourable levels of exposure were identified in areas such as conflict, perceived leadership and working conditions. In terms of clinical-cultural competence, more than half of the professionals showed intermediate levels of knowledge and skills to care for a culturally diverse population, coexisting with areas for improvement in awareness and specific training.
Healthcare professionals are highly exposed to certain psychosocial risks linked to the organisation of work and the healthcare context, along with intermediate levels of clinical-cultural competence. This highlights the need to develop organisational strategies to reduce psychosocial risks and implement structured training programmes in cultural competence adapted to the uniqueness of Ceuta as a border and multicultural enclave.

PMID:
42501793
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 26 Jul 2026.

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