High pressure transcranial focused ultrasound stimulation induces parameter-dependent cell-type specific effects.

Authors

Sandhya Ramachandran, Huan Gao, Keunhyung Lee, Pavlo Zolotavin, Katherine Bray, Chih-Yu Yeh, Siyi Wang, Lan Luan, Chong Xie, Kai Yu, Bin He

Published in

Microsystems & nanoengineering. Volume 12. Issue 1. Jul 27, 2026. Epub Jul 27, 2026.

Abstract

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a promising technique that has been shown to have high spatial precision, deep brain penetration, and cell-type specificity. Intracranial electrophysiological recordings can measure neural responses to tFUS with high spatial and temporal resolution, but conventional silicon-based multi-electrode arrays cause vibration artifacts induced by increased tFUS pressure. In this study, using an ultraflexible nanoelectric thread electrode, we demonstrate the cell-type selective effects of tFUS under high acoustic pressure with a broad range of ultrasound parameters. We observe that their flexibility mitigates vibrations, eliminating artifacts even at high pressure levels. We observed a positive nonlinear relationship between pressure levels and both time-locked and delayed spiking responses in multiple cell types. We show that higher pressure levels produce distinct response curves across independently varied ultrasound pulse repetition frequency and duty cycle, suggesting the need for further investigation of pressure effects.

PMID:
42503508
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Jul 2026.

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