Prevalence, risk factors, clinical characteristics and outcomes of tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in a HIV and tuberculosis low-incidence setting.

Authors

Chiara Sepulcri, Lorenzo Crupi, Emanuele Delfino, Lucia Taramasso, Matteo Bassetti, Antonio Di Biagio

Published in

European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology. Jul 27, 2026. Epub Jul 27, 2026.

Abstract

Most data on tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (TB-IRIS) in people living with HIV (PWH) come from high TB/HIV-incidence settings. We described TB-IRIS in a low-incidence setting and applied International Network for the Study of HIV-associated IRIS (INSHI) case definitions.
Single-center retrospective study in Italy including PWH with TB (2013-2023).
Among 21 PWH, 2 developed unmasking and 3 paradoxical TB-IRIS, diagnosed with radiology, histology, clinical parameters and inflammatory markers. Disseminated TB and shorter TB-treatment-to-ART intervals were more common in IRIS. One paradoxical case would have been missed by INSHI criteria.
TB-IRIS was common; inflammatory markers could aid diagnosis.

PMID:
42507275
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Jul 2026.

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