Evaluation of serum chromium, nickel, and magnesium levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis: A cross-sectional study.

Authors

Esra Bozkurt, Eda Çetin Özdemir, Kamile Gül, Metin Kılınç, Rümeysa Gülmez

Published in

Clinical oral investigations. Volume 30. Issue 8. Jul 27, 2026. Epub Jul 27, 2026.

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate serum chromium (Cr), magnesium (Mg), and nickel (Ni) levels in periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to examine the relationship of these elements with periodontal clinical parameters and glycemic control.
A total of 74 individuals were included in this cross-sectional study and participants were divided into four groups: periodontally and systemically healthy control group (n = 18), periodontitis group (n = 19), controlled T2DM+periodontitis group (n = 18), and uncontrolled T2DM+periodontitis group (n = 19). Clinical periodontal parameters, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing index (BOP), probing pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL), were recorded in all patients. Serum HbA1c, Cr, Mg, and Ni levels were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry.
Serum Cr levels were significantly lower in the periodontitis group compared to the control group. Serum Cr and Mg levels were significantly lower in both the controlled and uncontrolled T2DM+ periodontitis groups compared to the healthy control group. Significant correlations were found between serum Cr and Mg levels and periodontal clinical parameters and HbA1c. Serum Ni levels did not differ between groups but showed significant correlations with periodontal parameters and HbA1c.
The decrease in serum Cr and Mg levels in individuals with periodontitis associated with T2DM suggests that metabolic and inflammatory load may affect mineral homeostasis. Serum Ni levels did not differ significantly between the groups.
The combination of periodontitis and uncontrolled T2DM may exert a synergistic effect on mineral homeostasis. Future longitudinal or interventional studies should assess whether monitoring chromium and nickel adds clinical value in understanding periodontal-systemic interactions and periodontal treatment response.
Retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT07327086.; First submitted: 2025-12-24).

PMID:
42507181
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Jul 2026.

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