Authors
Joana Flottmann, Vanessa Bauer, Anna Michel, Torsten C Schmidt, Tobias Bader, Rudi Winzenbacher, Wolfram Seitz
Published in
Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. Jul 27, 2026. Epub Jul 27, 2026.
Abstract
Highly polar contaminants are analytically challenging due to the substantial differences in their chromatographic retention and ionisation behaviour between compound groups. This communication evaluates a developed and validated ZICcHILIC-HRMS workflow as a complementary approach to an established anion IC-HRMS method for analysing selected highly polar contaminants in water. The study focuses on implementing polarity switching, comparing method-specific analyte coverage and deriving practical method-selection criteria. Polarity switching enabled the acquisition of both positively and negatively ionising compounds within a single ZICcHILIC-HRMS run, thereby improving the practical efficiency of the comparatively lengthy chromatographic workflow. A comparison with IC-HRMS revealed partially overlapping, yet distinct, analytical coverage. IC-HRMS remained advantageous for small, strongly polar anionic compounds due to direct injection, lower quantification limits, shorter runtime and higher routine robustness. In contrast, ZICcHILIC-HRMS extends the accessible analyte spectrum to compounds outside the scope of the applied anion IC-HRMS and to analytes that can be detected in positive electrospray ionisation mode. These findings support the use of ZICcHILIC-HRMS as a complementary, LC-HRMS-compatible tool for the exploratory monitoring of highly polar contaminants in water, particularly when both ionisation modes and conventional HPLC-HRMS instrumentation are to be employed.
PMID:
42507143
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 27 Jul 2026.
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