Seasonality of acute kidney injury incidence in Japanese outpatients.

Authors

Yuka Sakazaki, Yuki Kondo, Mizuki Okuma, Ayaka Seki, Takamasa Sakai, Tetsumi Irie, Yoichi Ishitsuka

Published in

Scientific reports. Volume 16. Issue 1. Jul 27, 2026. Epub Jul 27, 2026.

Abstract

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a clinically important condition associated with adverse outcomes. While community-acquired AKI is common, its seasonal patterns remain poorly understood, particularly in outpatient settings. This study aimed to examine the seasonality and community-acquired AKI in Japan. Of 4,401,387 individuals with at least 1 month of data in the Japanese health insurance claims database between August 2016 and July 2018, 4,282,805 were included in the analysis as outpatients. The monthly incidence of community-acquired AKI was evaluated using the incidence rate ratio (IRR) calculated by generalized estimating equations. We constructed multivariable models adjusted for sex, age, comorbidities and medications. There were 20,634 new-onset community-acquired AKI cases. The frequency of new-onset community-acquired AKI gradually increased from June to July, with the highest adjusted IRR in July (1.19 [95% confidence intervals: 1.11-1.27]). Subgroup analyses showed that IRRs for community-acquired AKI were consistently higher in July than in February across all categories. Notably, a significant interaction was observed between seasonality and age (P = 0.029), with the highest IRR observed in the youngest age group (< 20 years). These results suggest the potential relevance of seasonal and environmental factors in AKI prevention in outpatient settings.

PMID:
42509272
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 28 Jul 2026.

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