Does vitamin D supplementation modulate metabolic risk factors of cardiovascular disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials.

Authors

Suhad Abumweis, Sarah Alqadi, Ala'a Al Tarteer, Waed Alrefai, Foad Alzoughool, Stephanie Jew, Taima Qudah

Published in

Asia Pacific journal of clinical nutrition. Volume 35. Issue 4. Pages 631-643.

Abstract

Vitamin D has been proposed to influence several cardiometabolic risk factors; however, evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recent meta-analyses remains inconsistent regarding the magnitude of these effects. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on lipid profile, blood pressure, and glycaemic parameters, and explored whether age and baseline serum vitamin D concentrations modified these associations.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs was conducted to compare oral vitamin D supplementation with placebo in adults. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched systematically. Risk of bias was as-sessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. Pooled effect sizes with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using random-effects models.
A total of 14,051 abstracts were identified, and 45 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Vitamin D supplementation significantly reduced low-density lipoprotein cho-lesterol (LDL-C) by 0.136 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.215, -0.056), systolic blood pressure (SBP) by 2.79 mm Hg (95% CI: -4.65, -0.94), fasting blood glucose (FBG) by 0.11 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.19, -0.04), and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by 0.164% (95% CI: -0.32, -0.01) compared with placebo. Subgroup analyses showed reductions in SBP and LDL-C among participants aged ≥55 years, whereas FBG was reduced in those aged <55 years. While favorable effects on FBG and HbA1c were observed with a baseline blood level of vitamin D of less than 50 nmol/L.
Vitamin D supplementation may modestly improve selected cardiomet-abolic risk factors. Age and baseline vitamin D status may influence these effects, although their clinical sig-nificance remains uncertain. Further well-designed RCTs are needed.

PMID:
42521227
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 29 Jul 2026.

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