Compact-cavity two-dimensional Hermite-Gaussian lasing enabled by birefringence-induced astigmatism.

Authors

Jianing Li, Yangjun Hu, Quan Sheng, Dechen Zhan, Chunpeng Shi, Shijie Fu, Wei Shi, Jianquan Yao

Published in

Optics letters. Volume 51. Issue 15. Pages 4192-4195. Aug 01, 2026.

Abstract

We report controllable two-dimensional (2D) Hermite-Gaussian (HG) lasing in a compact plano-concave cavity by exploiting the intrinsic birefringence of an a-cut Nd:YVO₄ crystal. The birefringence-induced astigmatism provides modal discrimination against tilted one-dimensional (1D) competitors, allowing axis-aligned HG_m,n modes to oscillate under 2D off-axis pumping. By increasing the birefringent crystal length, the output evolves from tilted 1D modes to axis-aligned 2D HG modes. We further show that cavity-length design can enhance the same modal discrimination, enabling 2D HG oscillation in a shortened-cavity configuration. These results verify a simple and compact route to controllable two-index HG lasing without pump shaping or intracavity loss elements.

PMID:
42537147
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Aug 2026.

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