Encoding Discordance in the Alzheimer's Disease A/T/N Framework.

Authors

Lauren Nicole DeLong, Yasamin Salimi, Helena Balabin, Paola Galdi, Jacques D Fleuriot, Paul Brennan, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative

Published in

medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences. Jul 21, 2026. Epub Jul 21, 2026.

Abstract

The biomarker-based amyloid/ tau/ neurodegeneration (A/T/N) framework has become a popular staging method for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. Previous studies use the framework either as a rule-based or data-driven approach but typically sacrifice either adaptivity or interpretability.
We present an interpretable, hybrid method, called Neurosymodal Data Fusion, for predicting incident AD in the ADNI dataset. Specifically, we encode the A/T/N framework as a logic program, where the input biomarker features are extracted by one or more neural networks.
Our pipeline predicted four-year incident AD with a sensitivity of up to 0.84. Additionally, our models learned scores for each A/T/N profile, denoting relative importances to model predictions. These scores also indicated that empirically-derived cut-off values for the A and T criteria might be uninformative for the ADNI data.
Our pipeline provides a novel way to use the A/T/N framework that could potentially improve early AD screening years before clinical manifestations.

PMID:
42539005
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 01 Aug 2026.

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