Authors
Di Mu, Pengfei Wang, Huanmei Zhang, Shuxia Wang, Zhenyu Yang, Li He
Published in
Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research. Volume 55. Issue 4. Pages 639-646.
Abstract
To investigate the current prevalence of anxiety and depression among pregnant women and identify the associated influencing factors.
A multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was adopted. Questionnaires, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) were used to collect indicators including demographic data, basic pregnancy information and mental health status from 6362 pregnant women who received prenatal examinations in 4 maternal health care institutions in Shaanxi Province and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region between 2021 and 2023. A multivariate logistic regression model was applied to analyze the relevant factors of anxiety and depression among the respondents.
The average age of the respondents was (30.46±3.94) years. Among all participants, 5691 (89.45%) were of Han ethnicity and 671 (10.55%) were from ethnic minorities; 2167 (34.06%) were in the first trimester, 2078 (32.66%) in the second trimester, and 2117 (33.28%) in the third trimester. The prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy was 20.03% (n=1274), and the prevalence of depression was 40.69% (n=2589). Univariate analysis showed that statistically significant differences in the prevalence of anxiety were observed among pregnant women stratified by ethnicity, gestational trimester, educational attainment, parity, residential location, sleep status, and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands (P<0.05). Statistically significant differences in the prevalence of depression were found among pregnant women stratified by ethnicity, per capita monthly household income, conception mode, residential location, sleep status, and pre-pregnancy smoking and alcohol consumption of husbands (P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis indicated that second trimester (OR=1.187, 95%CI 1.016-1.386), third trimester (OR=1.271, 95%CI 1.091-1.482), undergraduate degree (OR=1.649, 95%CI 1.365-1.992), junior college/vocational college education (OR=1.297, 95%CI 1.074-1.567), postgraduate degree or above (OR=1.699, 95%CI 1.297-2.224), and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands (OR=1.339, 95%CI 1.176-1.526) were positively correlated with the prevalence of anxiety in pregnant women. Ethnic minority identity (OR=0.717, 95%CI 0.571-0.899) and never experiencing insomnia (OR=0.583, 95%CI 0.453-0.750) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of anxiety. Per capita monthly household income of 10 000 yuan or above (OR=1.412, 95%CI 1.22-1.635) and pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands (OR=1.465, 95%CI 1.308-1.640) were positively correlated with the prevalence of depression. Ethnic minority identity (OR=0.546, 95%CI 0.455-0.656), natural conception (OR=0.672, 95%CI 0.528-0.856), occasional insomnia (OR=0.691, 95%CI 0.555-0.860) and never experiencing insomnia (OR=0.539, 95%CI 0.434-0.669) were negatively correlated with the prevalence of depression.
Anxiety and depression are prevalent among pregnant women. Ethnic minority identity and the absence of insomnia are negatively correlated with the prevalence of both anxiety and depression during pregnancy, while pre-pregnancy alcohol consumption of husbands is positively correlated with the prevalence of both conditions. Additionally, anxiety in pregnancy is associated with gestational trimester, with pregnant women in the second and third trimesters having a higher likelihood of developing anxiety. Depression in pregnancy is associated with conception mode, with naturally conceiving pregnant women having a lower likelihood of developing depression.
PMID:
42543237
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 03 Aug 2026.
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