Authors
Linhai Hou, Jie Cao, Shengjie Gao, Xiaofan Wang, Zhongxian Zhang, Meiqi Li, Yu Mao, Changhong Liu, Ling Yan, Haiping Hao, Lei Zheng
Published in
Research (Washington, D.C.). Volume 9. Pages 1377. Epub Aug 03, 2026.
Abstract
Plant-derived extracellular vesicles are promising candidates for oral drug delivery, yet their clinical translation is hindered by limited targeting precision and inconsistent systemic absorption. While surface engineering can enhance tissue accumulation, strategies that preserve biocompatibility and enable scalable production remain limited. Here, we introduce boiling as a simple thermal processing approach that structurally reconfigures ginger extracellular vesicles (GEVs) into functionally enhanced, thermally reassembled GEVs (T-GEVs). The surface architecture of T-GEVs is enriched with key vesicle trafficking regulators, including V-type proton adenosine triphosphatase subunit G, ARF1, and β-adaptin-like protein. This specific composition drives their tissue-specific accumulation in the intestine and liver and potentiates clathrin-dependent cellular uptake in intestinal cells by 8.57-fold. Beyond superior intrinsic anti-inflammatory activity through NLRP3 inflammasome suppression, T-GEVs function as an efficient oral delivery platform. When loaded with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) small interfering RNA, they enable a synergistic therapy that combines innate anti-inflammatory activity with targeted gene silencing of TNF-α, showing potent efficacy in colitis. Our findings position boiling as a natural strategy for enhancing the bioactivity and targeted oral delivery potential of GEVs.
PMID:
42548959
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 04 Aug 2026.
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