Interleukin-25: orchestrating resistance to intestinal helminth infections.

Authors

Paola Cociancic, Emma Fiallos, José Guillermo Esteban, Carla Muñoz-Antoli, Rafael Toledo

Published in

Trends in parasitology. Aug 04, 2026. Epub Aug 04, 2026.

Abstract

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) has emerged as a central regulator of type 2 immunity at mucosal surfaces. Beyond its classical role as an epithelial alarmin, IL-25 acts as a multifunctional coordinator of epithelial sensing, immune activation, and tissue adaptation during helminth infection. In the intestine, tuft cells detect helminth- and microbiota-derived metabolites and activate a feed-forward circuit with type 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s), promoting antiparasitic immunity and barrier protection. Emerging evidence further links IL-25 to neuroimmune communication, epithelial remodeling, tissue resilience, and disease tolerance. Here, we summarize recent advances in IL-25 biology, including ILC2 specialization and the distinct roles of IL-25 in nematode and trematode infections, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic target to enhance mucosal protection while limiting immunopathology.

PMID:
42552138
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 05 Aug 2026.

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