Prevalence, treatment rates and control of dyslipidemia among diabetes patients in northern Nigeria: A cross-sectional, multicenter study.

Authors

Nura Hamidu Alkali, Andrew Enemako Uloko, Godwin O Osaigbovo, Adamu Girei Bakari, Mohammed Raji Bello, Maria Ahuoiza Garba, Garba Musa Fika, Abubakar Sahabi Muhammad, Muhammad Arabi Saad, Vandi Ghyi Zira, Umar Faruk Abdullahi, Ayuba Mugana, Ijuptil Chiroma, Ibrahim Abdullahi Haladu, Lumsami Shadrach, Usman Adamu Nuhu, Godiya Ishaya Dare

Published in

PloS one. Volume 21. Issue 8. Pages e0346350. Epub Aug 05, 2026.

Abstract

Dyslipidemia is prevalent among Nigerians with diabetes mellitus (DM), but its treatment has not been well-studied. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, treatment rates and control of dyslipidemia among DM patients in northern Nigeria.
We conducted a multicenter, cross-sectional study of dyslipidemia in DM patients, and noted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, lipid-lowering treatments, body mass index, blood pressure, HbA1c, lipid profile, glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria. Outcome measures were the rate and treatment of dyslipidemia and attainment of low density lipoprotein cholesterol target for primary prevention of CVD. Binomial logistic regression was used to analyze associations between participant characteristics and dyslipidemia. Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test was used to evaluate the model fit. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS version 25 program.
The study enrolled 403 participants (58.8% females), of whom 59.6% had dyslipidemia. Besides DM and dyslipidemia, other risk factors for CVD were hypertension (56.8%), obesity (52.6%), chronic kidney disease (36.5%), atrial fibrillation (7.9%), heart failure (5.0%), cigarette smoking (4.7%), excess alcohol use (2.0%), and previous CVD (14.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed dyslipidemia was significantly associated with female gender (odds ratio = 1.68, P = 0.029) and proteinuria (odds ratio = 2.26, P = 0.004). Among those with dyslipidemia, 51.3% took lipid-lowering treatments comprising statins (50.8%) and clofibrate (2.9%). None took other lipid-lowering treatments, and only 17.1% attained the target for primary prevention of CVD.
Three-fifths of patients had dyslipidemia, but only a sixth attained the treatment target. Treatment for dyslipidemia included statins and fibrates, but not niacin, ezetimibe, bempedoic acid, icosapent ethyl, inclisiran or PCSK9 inhibitors recommended for those who failed intensive statin therapy. There is the need for better access to non-statin treatment and physician adherence to clinical practice guidelines.

PMID:
42555614
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Aug 2026.

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