Associations Between Virtual Prenatal Care Utilization, Social Determinants of Health, and Stressful Life Events: A Multistate Analysis of U.S. Women, 2020-2021.

Authors

Don E Willis, Pearl A McElfish, Clare C Brown, Jennifer A Andersen, George C Pro, James P Selig, Cari A Bogulski

Published in

Maternal and child health journal. Aug 06, 2026. Epub Aug 06, 2026.

Abstract

To examine associations between virtual prenatal care utilization, social determinants of health, and stressful life events.
We analyzed cross-sectional pooled survey data (N = 11,966) from phase 8 of the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System for women who gave birth in 2020 or 2021 and received prenatal care.
A third (35%) of women utilized virtual rather than in-person-only prenatal care. Adjusted odds of receiving any virtual prenatal care were greater for women who identified as Asian (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI[1.01, 1.51]) or Hispanic (aOR = 1.61; 95% CI[1.37, 1.88]), and for those who experienced homelessness (aOR = 1.90; 95% CI[1.27, 2.84]) or job loss (aOR = 1.25; 95% CI[1.04, 1.51]). Adjusted odds were lower for women who did not have a bachelor's degree, had previously given birth, had no insurance pre-pregnancy (aOR = 0.69; 95% CI[0.56, 0.85]), were rural residents (aOR = 0.51; 95% CI[0.41, 0.63]), had been exposed to incarceration (aOR = 0.49; 95% CI[0.30, 0.79]), and had given birth in 2021 (aOR = 0.77; 95% CI[0.69, 0.86]).
Social determinants of health and stressful life events are not uniformly associated with greater or lesser odds of utilizing virtual prenatal care.

PMID:
42560597
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 06 Aug 2026.

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