Authors
Mahyar Mahdavi, Bruce Dvorak, Ashraf Aly Hassan
Published in
MethodsX. Volume 17. Pages 104049. Epub Jul 17, 2026.
Abstract
Reliable, portable, and real-time measurements of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) and Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs) from industrial ethanol fermentation remain a challenge due to the complex gas mixture in emissions, which includes high moisture content, elevated CO2 concentrations, and trace gases at low concentrations. Conventional Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) are typically installed downstream of air treatment units and therefore cannot capture source-specific emissions or temporal dynamics within fermentation units. To address these limitations, this study presents a portable, field-deployable methodology using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for upstream, high-resolution monitoring of fermentation emissions. This method integrates commercially available instrumentation with a custom-designed dilution system and field procedures. This methodology enables high-resolution, continuous measurement of ethanol fermentation off-gases under industrial operating conditions and provides a practical approach to source-specific emissions monitoring for research, diagnosis, and optimization purposes. •Portable FTIR configured for continuous, source-specific measurement of multi-compound fermentation off-gases. •A nitrogen-based dilution system was developed to extend FTIR measurement capability to measure high- and low-concentration compounds simultaneously. •A field-ready sampling procedure suitable for industrial ethanol fermentation emissions monitoring and other complex emission sources.
PMID:
42571527
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 09 Aug 2026.
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