Viral coinfections and checkpoint-marker expression in HIV: An exploratory HCV-Related CD4⁺ T-Cell PD-L1 pattern.

Authors

Bogusz Aksak-Wąs, Karolina Skonieczna-Żydecka, Danuta Cembrowska-Lech, Miłosz Parczewski, Rafał Hrynkiewicz, Filip Lewandowski, Karol Serwin, Kaja Mielczak, Mateusz Bruss, Franciszek Lenkiewicz, Paulina Niedźwiedzka-Rystwej

Published in

Immunologic research. Volume 74. Issue 1. Aug 11, 2026. Epub Aug 11, 2026.

Abstract

Chronic viral coinfections may contribute to persistent immune dysregulation in people with HIV, but their association with PD-1/PD-L1 expression remains uncertain. We analysed 100 people with HIV using available-case endpoint analyses and marker-specific paired baseline-to-follow-up analyses. Follow-up was scheduled at 12 months (allowable window, 9-15 months), and all participants had HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL at the endpoint. Baseline HBV contact, HCV status, and CMV IgG serostatus were evaluated in relation to PD-1 and PD-L1 expression on CD4⁺ T cells and CD19⁺ B cells and exploratory composite checkpoint-expression indices. HBV contact and CMV IgG serostatus were not associated with reproducible differences. The global comparison of longitudinal CD4⁺ T-cell PD-L1 change across HCV groups did not remain significant after false-discovery-rate correction; an exploratory pairwise comparison suggested a greater increase in participants with baseline HCV RNA positivity. Overall, the HCV-related pattern was hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation.

PMID:
42579169
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 11 Aug 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.