Association Between Objective and Subjective Indoor Coldness During Winter and Presenteeism: A Cross-Sectional Study in Japan.

Authors

Yuma Uchida, Wataru Umishio, Shintaro Ando, Kazuomi Kario, Shuzo Murakami, Toshiharu Ikaga, Yoshihisa Fujino

Published in

Journal of occupational and environmental medicine. Aug 11, 2026. Epub Aug 11, 2026.

Abstract

To investigate the associations of room temperature (objective coldness) and the frequency of feeling cold (subjective coldness) with presenteeism.
This cross-sectional study analyzed 2,568 Japanese workers (1,735 households). Room temperature was measured for two weeks in winter. The frequency of feeling cold was assessed using a four-point scale. Presenteeism was evaluated using the Work Functioning Impairment Scale (WFun). Generalized linear models adjusted for age, sex and other confounders.
Lower room temperature (p = 0.032) and a higher frequency of feeling cold (p < 0.001) were associated with presenteeism. However, in a simultaneous model, only the frequency of feeling cold remained significantly associated, demonstrating a dose-response relationship.
Both objective and subjective indoor coldness are associated with work functioning impairment, with the subjective perception demonstrating a robust association even after adjusting for temperature.

PMID:
42579822
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Aug 2026.

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