STING-targeted nanomedicine in combination cancer immunotherapy: From rational design to formulation engineering to clinical translation.

Authors

Na Qu, Ju Guo, Meng Zhang, Mingxia Liu, Changyu Yu, Yujing Li, Chenguo Zheng, Xin Li, Zhiyuan Shi, Junjie Xie

Published in

Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society. Pages 115245. Aug 11, 2026. Epub Aug 11, 2026.

Abstract

Although STING agonists have shown potential in reversing the "cold" tumor microenvironment (TME) by activating the cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway, their efficacy as monotherapy remains limited, and combination therapies face challenges such as poor synergy, suboptimal timing, and safety concerns. Nanocarriers have evolved from passive drug delivery vehicles into active immunomodulatory platforms, providing critical support for precision combination therapy through co-loading of multiple agents, spatiotemporally coordinated release, and cell-specific targeting. This review delineates STING-centered combination immunotherapy through rational nanocarrier engineering, from physicochemical tuning to programmable delivery. We catalogue nanoplatforms for multi-agent co-encapsulation, examine surface targeting and temporal modulation. Finally, we analyze clinical translational barriers and advance solutions, hoping to offer insights into the clinical translation of nanocarrier-based STING-targeted combination immunotherapy.

PMID:
42580449
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Aug 2026.

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