Authors
Xiaoxiao Wang, Xiaolan Xue, Zhihao Zhang, Zhen Mu, Zilu Wei, Meng Yuan, Lingxiu Chen, Yue Yu, Shixuan Wang, Chuanlei Jia, Yang Zhang, Liwei Shi
Published in
Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany). Pages e75189. Aug 11, 2026. Epub Aug 11, 2026.
Abstract
Al is a promising anode for next-generation batteries due to its abundance, high theoretical capacity, and good safety. However, the deployment of Al metal batteries (AMBs) is hindered by the lack of efficient electrolytes capable of enabling highly reversible and uniform Al plating/stripping. Here we develop a relatively economical and low-corrosive AlCl3/tetramethylurea (TMU) deep eutectic electrolyte (DEE) that supports reversible Al electrodeposition with an enhanced (111) orientation tendency. To further reduce viscosity and enhance ionic conductivity, a non-solvating 1,2-difluorobenzene (1,2-dFBn) co-solvent is introduced to construct a localized-high-concentration-electrolyte-like (LHCE-like) DEE. The 1,2-dFBn incorporation selectively modulates the local environment of chloroaluminate species without altering their intrinsic speciation, thereby improving electrolyte fluidity and ion transport. Moreover, 1,2-dFBn promotes the formation of a robust SEI, accompanied by a reduced apparent nucleation overpotential and more uniform Al deposition. Consequently, the optimized electrolyte enables stable Al cycling for over 1,600 h at 1.0 mA cm-2 and 1.0 mAh cm-2 with an ultralow polarization of ∼80 mV. Al||graphite cells deliver 80.6 mAh g-1 after 600 cycles at 500 mA g-1 with nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. This work provides valuable insights into the rational design of low-cost and high-performance electrolytes for AMBs.
PMID:
42581599
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Aug 2026.
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