Ternary Heterostructures With Gradient Built-In Electric Fields Through Stepwise Screening for Highly Reversible Sodium Storage at Low Temperature.

Authors

Shaocong Tang, Jiaxuan Wang, Jiabao Li, Weiwei Xiang, Tianyi Wang, Ya Xiao, Shenqiu Xu, Jae Su Yu, Huan Pang

Published in

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.). Pages e74590. Aug 12, 2026. Epub Aug 12, 2026.

Abstract

Heterostructure engineering is considered a promising approach to improve sodium storage at low temperatures (LTs). However, the trial-and-error fabrication method as well as insufficient interface control dimensions in traditional two-component heterojunctions result in low efficiency and limited electrochemical performance improvement. Herein, a screening-driven strategy guided by theoretical descriptors is proposed to identify MoS₂/MoO₂ as the optimal binary heterostructure for improving sodium storage performance at LTs. Importantly, this result reveals a clear relationship between heterostructure configuration and electrochemical performance, where the work function (W_f) difference and the resulting charge redistribution regulate Na⁺ storage behavior. Inspired by this understanding, Ti₃C₂T_x MXene is introduced to construct a multi-interface system with cascaded W_f alignment, establishing a gradient built-in electric field that overcomes the localized modulation of conventional binary heterostructures. Such heterostructure induces an electron-enriched region that acts as a Na⁺ reservoir, thereby facilitating efficient Na⁺ storage and transport at LTs. Meanwhile, the multiphase heterointerface optimizes the reaction pathway and mitigates kinetic limitations. Consequently, the MoS₂/MoO₂/Ti₃C₂T_x ternary heterostructure delivers high reversible capacity, excellent rate performance, and robust cycling stability even at -20°C. This work establishes a general and predictive strategy for accelerating the rational design of high-performance electrodes through the proposed screening framework.

PMID:
42581793
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 12 Aug 2026.

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