Validation of a Brazilian version of the Checklist for Assessment of Gender Disadvantage (CAGED) in adolescents.

Authors

Luciana Lourenção Andreta, Larissa Araújo Galdino da Silva, Matheus Gallo Cruz, Letícia Bernucci de Oliveira, Maria Carolina Garcia Bronharo, Maria Clara Machado Wintruff, Lília D Souza Li

Published in

Revista paulista de pediatria : orgao oficial da Sociedade de Pediatria de Sao Paulo. Volume 44. Pages e2025240. Epub Aug 07, 2026.

Abstract

To validate and culturally adapt a Brazilian version of the Checklist for Assessment of Gender Disadvantage (CAGED) for girls, boys, and gender-diverse adolescents, and determine the optimal cutoff point.
The original instrument, designed to assess perceptions of gender inequity among girls, was validated alongside a version for boys and gender-diverse people through seven stages: translation, synthesis, back translation, expert evaluation, pre-testing with 29 adolescents, re-evaluation, and clinical validation with 459 adolescents. To assess perceived gender discrimination, in addition to the original binary response options (yes/no), three alternative responses were tested to clarify whether "it never happened" or "it happened but does not bother me". The Content Validation Index (CVI) was calculated, with scores ≥0.80 indicating acceptable agreement. The scale's reliability was assessed using Cronbach's alpha, with a threshold of ≥0.70 indicating good internal consistency. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used as the gold standard to construct a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and determine the optimal sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff point for the CAGED.
The translation demonstrated excellent agreement, with all CVIs exceeding 0.80. The Cronbach's alpha in the pre-test was 0.97. Both response formats proved adequate, with CVIs of 0.83 for the binary and 0.79 for the three-response alternatives. The cutoff point with the highest sensitivity (72.08%) and specificity (82.61%) was 4. The area under the ROC curve was 0.823.
The CAGED was successfully translated and culturally adapted for Brazilian adolescents, showing high internal consistency and clarity.

PMID:
42585411
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Aug 2026.

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