Optimization of Difluorophenazine-Based Polymers via Substituent Modifications for Solar Energy Applications.

Authors

Puspitasari, Jaehyeong Kim, Rajalingam Agneeswari, Jae-Hoon Lee, Suhee Song, Won-Ki Lee, Wang Yong Yang, Jin Young Kim, Youngeup Jin

Published in

Materials (Basel, Switzerland). Volume 19. Issue 15. Aug 06, 2026. Epub Aug 06, 2026.

Abstract

A series of donor-acceptor π-conjugated polymers based on Difluorophenazine acceptor and benzodithiophene donor units with different substituents, hydrogen (H), chlorine (Cl), fluorine (F), and sulfur (S), was designed and synthesized to investigate how donor-side substituent modification influences optoelectronic properties. The substituent variation systematically modulated the optical band gaps (1.72-1.82 eV) and HOMO energy levels (-5.42 to -5.58 eV). When applied in bulk heterojunction solar cells with the Y6 acceptor, these polymers delivered power conversion efficiencies ranging from 3.85% to 7.79%. The fluorinated polymer P(BDTTF-TffPzT) exhibited the best performance, with J_sc = 19.65 mA cm^-2, V_oc = 0.825 V, and FF = 0.481. These findings establish that donor-side substituent engineering is an effective molecular design strategy for tuning optoelectronic properties and device performance in phenazine-based polymer systems.

PMID:
42590425
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Aug 2026.

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