Amb a 1-Specific IgE in Heart Failure: A Translational Framework for Seasonal Risk, Endotyping, and Patient-Centered Management.

Authors

Camelia-Felicia Bănărescu, Octavia Harich, Cristina Uța, Laura Haidar, Roxana Maria Buzan, Elena-Larisa Zimbru, Sandra Iulia Moldovan, Carmen Panaitescu, Alina Andreea Tischer, Elena Daniela Jurj, Diana-Maria Mateescu, Filip-Alin Banarescu, Virgil Păunescu

Published in

Journal of clinical medicine. Volume 15. Issue 15. Jul 31, 2026. Epub Jul 31, 2026.

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Amb a 1 is the major allergenic component of Ambrosia artemisiifolia pollen and a clinically relevant marker of genuine ragweed sensitization. Heart failure is increasingly recognized as a systemic syndrome shaped by immune activation, endothelial dysfunction, fibrosis, neurohormonal imbalance, pulmonary comorbidity, and environmental exposures. This narrative review aims to synthesize the translational evidence linking Amb a 1-specific IgE, IgE-mediated inflammation, allergic airway disease, and cardiovascular remodeling in heart failure. Methods: A targeted narrative review was performed, integrating evidence on component-resolved ragweed diagnosis, IgE-FcεRI signaling, mast cell and eosinophil biology, pollen exposure, cardiovascular inflammation, and heart failure pathophysiology. Results: No dedicated clinical studies have validated Amb a 1-specific IgE as a diagnostic, prognostic, or therapeutic biomarker in heart failure. However, adjacent evidence supports biologically plausible links between allergen-specific IgE responses and cardiovascular dysfunction, including mast cell activation, cytokine release, endothelial perturbation, oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, pulmonary-cardiac interaction, and myocardial fibrosis. Amb a 1-specific IgE may therefore identify a seasonally vulnerable heart failure phenotype, particularly in patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, eosinophilic inflammation, or recurrent symptom worsening during ragweed season. A systemic/indirect pathway operating through allergic airway disease is distinguished from a postulated direct cardiac pathway; the latter remains strictly speculative, as no direct evidence demonstrates that inhaled Amb a 1 reaches or activates cardiac mast cells in vivo. Conclusions: Amb a 1-specific IgE should not currently be used to infer cardiac causality or modify heart failure therapy. Prospective, phenotype-rich, exposure-informed studies are needed to determine whether ragweed sensitization has clinically meaningful implications for heart failure endotyping, seasonal risk assessment, and cardio-allergology care. These findings may inform patient-centered heart failure management by improving the interpretation of seasonal dyspnea, allergic comorbidity, and symptom fluctuations in ragweed-endemic regions.

PMID:
42590074
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Aug 2026.

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