Gynecologic complications of disease-modifying therapy in women with multiple sclerosis.

Authors

Alexandra Balshi, John P Dempsey, Yanli Zhang-James, Riley Bove

Published in

Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). Pages 13524585261475100. Aug 13, 2026. Epub Aug 13, 2026.

Abstract

The long-term implications of multiple sclerosis (MS) disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) on gynecologic health remain understudied. We leverage a multicenter database to evaluate whether DMTs are associated with such complications.
We propensity-score 1:1 matched women with MS on (1) any versus no or (2) moderate- to high- (vs low-) immunosuppressive DMT by age, marital status, race, ethnicity, tobacco use, body mass index, human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination, and gynecologic examinations/screenings. We then compared matched cohorts with risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
After matching, we analyzed 115,522 women with MS. The DMT (vs no DMT) group had increased risks of HPV positivity (RR: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.35-172), cervical dysplasia (RR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.31-1.49), cervical cancer (RR: 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.46), cervicitis (RR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10-1.41), herpes simplex virus positivity (RR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.14-1.45), vulvovaginitis (RR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.23-1.37), and Bartholin cysts/abscesses (RR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.07-1.76). Moderate- to high- (vs low-) immunosuppressive.
MS DMTs, especially more immunosuppressive ones, are associated with increased risks of several gynecologic complications. Clinicians should recognize these potential sequelae of DMTs and integrate gynecological counseling/screening into MS care.

PMID:
42590993
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Aug 2026.

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