Sickness Presenteeism Among Iranian Nurses: A Holistic Nursing Perspective on Burnout, Social Support, and Health-Related Productivity Loss.

Authors

Behnaz Bagherian, Homayoon Kazemy, Sina Shahmohammadi, Alireza Gilani

Published in

Journal of holistic nursing : official journal of the American Holistic Nurses' Association. Pages 8980101261475480. Aug 13, 2026. Epub Aug 13, 2026.

Abstract

BackgroundSickness presenteeism, defined as attending work despite health problems that would justify sickness absence, is an important concern in holistic nursing because nurses' wellbeing is inseparable from sustainable caring practice.PurposeThis exploratory study examined associations among sickness presenteeism, burnout, perceived social support, and health-related productivity loss among nurses working in teaching hospitals in Iran.MethodsA cross-sectional exploratory study was conducted with 60 nurses working in emergency, intensive care, cardiac care, and medical wards of three teaching hospitals affiliated with Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. Data were collected using a demographic and occupational questionnaire, the Sickness Presenteeism Questionnaire, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale-6, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Social Provisions Scale. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and exploratory regression analyses were used.ResultsThe mean sickness presenteeism score was 6.28 ± 1.32, suggesting frequent self-reported sickness presenteeism. Sickness presenteeism was not significantly associated with burnout, perceived social support, or health-related productivity loss. Employment status significantly predicted burnout, and age significantly predicted health-related productivity loss.ConclusionFindings should be interpreted as preliminary. Sickness presenteeism among nurses may reflect tensions among self-care, professional obligation, relational expectations, and organizational conditions. Holistic nursing approaches should address both individual self-care and healing work environments that support rest, recovery, dignity, and sustainable caring.

PMID:
42593350
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 13 Aug 2026.

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