Development and pilot evaluation of a simple, low-cost, reproducible simulation model for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux surgery training.

Authors

Johannes Meyer, Benjamin Schwab-Eckardt, Regina Stredele, Eva Harlander-Weikert, Ulrike Necknig, Frank-Mattias Schäfer

Published in

Journal of pediatric urology. Pages 106188. Jul 30, 2026. Epub Jul 30, 2026.

Abstract

Time in the OR is expensive and hands-on training is often scarce for surgical trainees in pediatric urology. Antireflux surgeries are complex procedures consisting of several key steps and training of these is crucial to reduce the learning curve, however, only a few simulation models exist for training surgical procedures in pediatric urology. Our aim was to develop and evaluate a simple, low-budget and easily reproducible training model to simulate common antireflux procedures.
A four main component model was developed to simulate the key steps of the procedures for easily accessible at home training. It consists of three commercially available balloons and a piece of synthetic undercast padding. A detailed description of the assembly of the training model as well as the crucial key steps of the procedures were provided. A 5-point Likert scale including 23 items was used to assess the model in regards to anatomical realism, usefulness as a training tool as well as overall reactions to the model. The survey was evaluated within workshops for trainees and final year students.
In total, 81 surveys were answered with a 98.5% completion rate of all answered items. The model scored an overall mean value of 4.3 points (median value 4.6) and was reported to be quickly and easily assembled to represent realistic anatomical dimensions. It was evaluated as a useful training tool to improve surgical skills for at home training. Evaluators stated that simulation with the model helped to feel safer in the operating room with a mean of seven simulation procedures with the model.
We present a low budget, disposable training model for ureteral reimplantation to train the most important component steps outside the clinical setting. This model demonstrated promising potential for internalizing the different steps of the procedure as well as improving skills in surgical training outside the operating room.

PMID:
42595630
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 14 Aug 2026.

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