Exploring the Differences in Severity of Cervical Dysplasia between Ontario Residents and Refugees: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Authors

Nour Bakhache, Eliot Winkler, Matthew Castelo, Amanda Selk, Rachel Spitzer, Mark Yudin

Published in

Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology Canada : JOGC = Journal d'obstetrique et gynecologie du Canada : JOGC. Pages 103500. Aug 14, 2026. Epub Aug 14, 2026.

Abstract

Most refugees living in Canada have never had cervical cancer screening. The objective of this study was to compare the histologic grade of cervical dysplasia at the first colposcopy visit between refugees and Ontario residents.
Using a retrospective cohort design, we compared grades of dysplasia for individuals presenting to their initial colposcopy visit for abnormal pap cytology between those insured with coverage granted by the Federal government to refugees [the Interim Federal Health Program (IFHP)], and age-matched patients insured under the Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) at two tertiary care colposcopy clinics in Toronto, Canada between January 1, 2015 and February 1, 2020. The primary outcome was severity of cervical dysplasia on pathology results.
41 IFHP patients and 82 age-matched OHIP patients met inclusion criteria. There was no significant difference in the cytology grade at referral. IFHP patients were significantly less likely to have received HPV vaccination (2.4% vs 26%, P=0.004), more likely to be living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (29% vs 0%, P < 0.001), and more likely to have high grade dysplasia or cancer on final biopsy (OR 1.4, (1.06-1.85), P = 0.023) compared with individuals with OHIP coverage.
Refugees insured via IFHP are at greater risk of cervical cancer with lower HPV immunization rates and higher rates of HIV compared to Ontario residents. Furthermore, they are significantly more likely to have higher grade dysplasia on pathology. These findings signify the importance of advocating for primary and early secondary prevention for refugees.

PMID:
42600776
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 15 Aug 2026.

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