Regulatory T cells: From Foxp3 to tolerance-inducing therapies.

Authors

Hisato Iriki, Miho Mukai, Hayato Takahashi, Masayuki Amagai

Published in

The Journal of investigative dermatology. Aug 15, 2026. Epub Aug 15, 2026.

Abstract

The immune system balances self-tolerance and threat defense; regulatory T cells (Tregs) enforce this equilibrium. This review follows their journey from the disputed suppressor T-cell era to the Foxp3-defined lineage and then integrates how Tregs recalibrate antigen-presenting cells and cytokine networks to sustain immune quiescence and restore homeostasis. These insights shape emerging therapies that expand endogenous Tregs in vivo with low-dose IL-2 or employ ex vivo-engineered cells to re-establish immune balance. We conclude by outlining key challenges-stability, tissue targeting, and scalability-for durable tolerance and therapeutic applications of recently clarified Treg-mediated tissue-specific homeostasis.

PMID:
42603165
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 15 Aug 2026.

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