Comparative Evaluation of Flexural and Impact Strengths of Glass Fiber- and Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticle-Reinforced Polymethyl Methacrylate Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study.

Authors

V Ponjayanthi, S Vishali, Suganya Subramanian, Claudia Peter, Jeevitha Mani, Thangadurai Maheswaran

Published in

Cureus. Volume 18. Issue 7. Pages e112737. Epub Jul 15, 2026.

Abstract

 This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effects of glass fiber and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle reinforcement on the flexural and impact strengths of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin.
Forty rectangular heat-activated acrylic denture base specimens with dimensions of 65 mm × 10 mm × 3.3 mm and 80 mm × 4 mm × 10 mm were fabricated to determine the flexural and impact strengths in accordance with ISO#1567 with an estimated sample size of 10 per group, which was further divided into five for flexural and five for impact strength. Group 1 (Control group) contains conventional heat-activated acrylic denture base resin, Group 2 has 2% TiO₂ nanoparticle-incorporated heat-cured acrylic denture base resin, Group 3 comprises 2% glass fiber-incorporated heat-cured acrylic denture base resin, and Group 4 (Hybrid group) comprises 2% TiO₂+2% glass fiber-incorporated heat-cured acrylic denture base resin. The fabrication followed the compression molding technique and a long curing cycle, and the specimens were tested for flexural and impact strengths.
The hybrid reinforcement group (Group 4; 2% TiO₂ + 2% glass fiber) demonstrated the highest flexural strength (100.32 ± 4.21 MPa), followed by the glass fiber-reinforced group (Group 3; 92.71 ± 3.93 MPa), the TiO₂-reinforced group (Group 2; 84.87 ± 3.78 MPa), and the conventional PMMA group (Group 1; 76.35 ± 2.61 MPa). Similarly, the highest impact strength was observed in Group 4 (5.13 ± 0.43 kJ/m²), followed by Group 3 (4.90 ± 0.39 kJ/m²), Group 2 (3.87 ± 0.45 kJ/m²), and Group 1 (1.48 ± 0.26 kJ/m²).
Hybrid reinforcement with TiO₂ and glass fiber exhibited better flexural and impact strengths than conventional TiO₂ and glass fiber-reinforced PMMA.

PMID:
42603036
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 15 Aug 2026.

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