Hematological and biochemical reference intervals for two-humped camels (Camelus bactrianus) in Mongolia with effects of age/physiological class and season.

Authors

Tsognemekh Bolormaa, Badrakh Sandagdorj, Sedkhuu Burenjargal, Nyamsuren Ochirkhuu, Sambalkhundev Gerelt-Od, Batsaikhan Chantsal, Motohiro Horiuchi, Purevdorj Nyam-Osor

Published in

The Journal of veterinary medical science. Aug 17, 2026. Epub Aug 17, 2026.

Abstract

Reference intervals (RIs) are essential for interpreting laboratory results. We established hematological and serum biochemical RIs for apparently healthy Mongolian Bactrian camels and evaluated age/physiological class and seasonal effects. Samples were collected from yearlings, subadults, adult castrated males, and lactating adult females in spring and autumn. Following CLSI EP28-A3c and ASVCP guidelines, 95% RIs were estimated by parametric, nonparametric, or robust methods according to sample size and distribution. Age/physiological class influenced multiple analytes, while season explained greater variation in several erythroid indices, total protein, and glucose. Season-specific RIs are therefore provided for analytes with substantial seasonal effects. These locally derived RIs support clinical interpretation and herd health monitoring under Mongolian pastoral conditions.

PMID:
42604804
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Aug 2026.

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