Behavioral and Socioeconomic Determinants of Medication Adherence among Adults with Chronic Diseases in Osun State, Nigeria.

Authors

Oluwateniola A Adeyemi-Benson, Oluwafikayo S Adeyemi-Benson, Peter Olaniyi, Anifat O Oladele, Adeola Dorcas Aderinwale

Published in

Nigerian medical journal : journal of the Nigeria Medical Association. Volume 67. Issue 3. Pages 943-954. Epub Jul 10, 2026.

Abstract

Chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are major contributors to morbidity and mortality in Nigeria, with behavioural and socioeconomic factors influencing treatment outcomes. Medication adherence remains suboptimal in many low-resource settings. This study assessed the behavioural and socioeconomic determinants of medication adherence among adults with chronic diseases in Osun State, Nigeria.
A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among adults with chronic diseases during community medical outreaches in 2025. Data on socio-demographics, clinical characteristics, lifestyle behaviours, healthcare access, and medication adherence (using a 4-item self-reported questionnaire) were collected and analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression.
Among 277 respondents, the mean age was 54.7±14.7 years, and 76.5% were female. Overall adherence was low, with only 38% classified as adherent. Socio-demographic factors were not significantly associated with adherence. Elevated blood sugar was associated with higher adherence (AOR = 5.363, 95% CI: 1.778-16.178), while lower meal frequency was associated with poorer adherence (AOR = 0.389, 95% CI: 0.181-0.837). Physical activity was also significantly associated with adherence. Cost was the most commonly reported barrier to healthcare access.
Medication adherence among adults with chronic diseases in Osun State is low and is influenced mainly by behavioural and clinical factors rather than socio-demographic characteristics. Interventions should focus on lifestyle modification, patient education, and reducing financial barriers to care.

PMID:
42605408
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Aug 2026.

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