Anticoncentration Is (Almost) All You Need.

Authors

Markus Heinrich, Jonas Haferkamp, Ingo Roth, Jonas Helsen

Published in

Physical review letters. Volume 137. Issue 5. Pages 050601. Jul 31, 2026.

Abstract

Until very recently, it was generally believed that the (approximate) 2-design property is strictly stronger than anticoncentration of random quantum circuits, mainly because it was shown that the latter anticoncentrate in logarithmic depth, while the former generally need linear depth circuits. This belief was disproven by recent results that show that so-called relative-error approximate unitary designs can, in fact, be generated in logarithmic depth, implying anticoncentration. Their result does not, however, apply to ordinary local random circuits, a gap that we close in this Letter, at least for 2-designs. More precisely, we show that anticoncentration of local random quantum circuits already implies that they form relative-error approximate state 2-designs, making them equivalent properties for these ensembles. Our result holds more generally for any random circuit that is invariant under local (single-qubit) unitaries, independent of the architecture.

PMID:
42606443
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 17 Aug 2026.

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