Association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and the risk of bronchial asthma: a case-control study.

Authors

Kexin Fan, Zhuoxiao Han, Tengfei Sun, Yingjie Zhang, Hua Qiao

Published in

Frontiers in medicine. Volume 13. Pages 1808650. Epub Aug 03, 2026.

Abstract

This study investigated the association between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the risk of bronchial asthma. A retrospective case-control study was conducted, including 944 patients with asthma and 1,580 controls. Subjects were divided by median LDL-C into high and low groups. Propensity score matching (PSM 1:1) was performed for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), family history, smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes, yielding 1,043 participants in each LDL-C group. Multivariate binary logistic regression was used post-PSM to assess the independent association between LDL-C and asthma risk. Stratified and interaction analyses were performed by age, gender, and BMI. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) with logistic regression were used to evaluate non-linear relationships and identify exploratory turning points. After PSM, multivariate analysis indicated LDL-C was independently associated with asthma risk (OR: 1.75, 95% CI: 1.47-2.09). Stratified analysis showed LDL-C was significantly associated with asthma risk in individuals aged <60 years (OR: 2.61, 95% CI: 2.04-3.36) but not in those ≥60 years (OR: 1.16, 95% CI: 0.91-1.49). Interaction analysis confirmed a significant difference between age strata (p < 0.05). No significant interactions were found for gender or BMI (p > 0.05). RCS analysis suggested a non-linear relationship, with an exploratory turning point at 3.62 mmol/L. This non-linearity was also present in both age subgroups (p < 0.05). Higher LDL-C was independently associated with asthma risk, and the estimated association curve was initially relatively stable with rising LDL-C and then became steeper once LDL-C exceeded 3.62 mmol/L.

PMID:
42609358
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 18 Aug 2026.

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