Effect of inactivated poliovirus vaccine on nasal mucosal immunity and pharyngeal shedding following novel oral poliovirus vaccine type 2 challenge: A randomized, open-label trial.

Authors

Khalequ Zaman, Ananda S Bandyopadhyay, Chris Gast, Doli R Goswami, Masuma Hoque, Rubhana Raqib, Lokman Hossain, Warda Haque, Arifa Islam, Harun-Or- Rashid, Mustafizur Rahman, Gabriela Aguirre, Elizabeth B Brickley, Audrey Godin, Joshua A Weiner, Rachel M Burke, Margaret E Ackerman, Giovanna Sifontes, Bernardo A Mainou, Peter F Wright, Ricardo Rüttimann

Published in

The Journal of infectious diseases. Aug 18, 2026. Epub Aug 18, 2026.

Abstract

Impact of prior inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) doses on nasal and pharyngeal viral replication following subsequent poliovirus exposure remains unclear. Circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus detection in IPV-only countries necessitates better understanding of IPV's role in inducing nasal and pharyngeal mucosal immunity.
This multicenter, randomized, open-label, parallel-group trial (9 November 2023-25 August 2024; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05677256) was conducted in Bangladesh in 500 polio vaccine-naïve infants aged 6-8 weeks. Two infant cohorts (vaccinated with 3 doses of either IPV or bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine [bOPV]) were challenged at 18-20 weeks with novel OPV type 2 (nOPV2). Pharyngeal and fecal viral shedding, and nasal, intestinal, and serum immune responses were measured post-nOPV2-challenge.
Poliovirus type 2 (PV2) pharyngeal shedding was minimal post-challenge (1.7% of IPV-vaccinated and 2.6% of bOPV-vaccinated infants). Nasal PV2-specific neutralizing antibody titers were higher in the IPV group post-nOPV2-challenge (day 14; geometric mean titers [GMT]: IPV, 7.5 [95% CI: 5.1-11.1] vs bOPV, 0.6 [95% CI: 0.3-1.2]). Stool PV2-specific neutralization titers were comparable at day 14 (GMT: IPV, 124.0 [95% CI: 54.7-281.0] vs bOPV, 127.3 [95% CI: 74.0-218.9]). Serum PV2 neutralizing antibody titers were consistently higher in IPV group, peaking at day 28 (GMT: IPV, 4347.4 [95% CI: 2378.2-7947.2] vs bOPV, 259.9 [95% CI: 115.5-584.9]).
nOPV2 pharyngeal shedding was low following IPV or bOPV vaccination, whereas IPV induced higher nasal and serum, and comparable intestinal PV2-specific immunity, suggesting a potential role for IPV in poliovirus outbreak response in IPV-only settings.

PMID:
42610930
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 18 Aug 2026.

Read full publication at:
Please sign in to see all details.

Stats

1-terrible, 9-excellent. How would you rate this publication? Sign in in to submit your rating.

Post a comment

You need to be signed in to post comments. You can sign in here.

Comments

There are no comments yet.