Artificial intelligence agents and agentic artificial intelligence applied to precision medicine.

Authors

Fabricio F Costa

Published in

Drug discovery today. Pages 104781. Aug 19, 2026. Epub Aug 19, 2026.

Abstract

Precision medicine seeks to individualise care by integrating multimodal biomedical data, yet most deployed clinical artificial intelligence (AI) remains assistive, providing predictions without managing workflows or adapting autonomously. Agentic AI, built on large language models (LLMs), has emerged as a paradigm characterised by autonomy, goal-directed reasoning, memory, planning and tool use. This review synthesises evidence on agentic AI and LLMs applied to precision medicine, encompassing drug discovery, genomics, oncology, rare disease diagnostics and clinical pharmacology. This review also examines architectural components, recent validation milestones and emerging challenges, including hallucination, sociodemographic bias and evolving regulatory frameworks across the FDA, the EU AI Act and the WHO.

PMID:
42617946
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Aug 2026.

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