The ABI4-SEN1-TRXm1 module integrates ABA and H₂S signaling to coordinate redox homeostasis, senescence and plant immunity.

Authors

Yanke Jiang, Kun Fang, Yao Zhang, Haifeng Liu, Chongchong Lu, Ziyi Yin, Yang Li, Xinhua Ding

Published in

Plant communications. Pages 102082. Aug 19, 2026. Epub Aug 19, 2026.

Abstract

Plants undergo metabolic reprogramming, including senescence, in response to pathogen attack. While senescence-associated genes (SAGs) are critical to this process, the genes that integrate plant defense and senescence processes remain largely unknown. Here, we identified and characterized SENESCENCE ASSOCIATED GENE 1 (SEN1) as a central regulator that coordinates these processes in Arabidopsis. SEN1 is transcriptionally activated by abscisic acid (ABA) via its key component, ABA INSENSITIVE 4 (ABI4). SEN1 interacts with TRXm1, and the interaction modulates sulfotransferase activity of SEN1. Disruption of sen1 and trxm1 mutants reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), alters the glutathione redox balance (GSH/GSSG), increases susceptibility to pathogens, and delays senescence. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a product of SEN1-mediated sulfur transfer, amplifies the module by inducing ABI4 expression. Notably, H₂S enhances ABI4 transcriptional activity via persulfuration at Cys²⁵⁰, establishing a self-reinforcing loop. Overall, we propose a regulatory triad in which the ABI4-SEN1-TRXm1 module integrates ABA and H₂S signaling to dynamically balance redox homeostasis. This study reveals a molecular switch that fine-tunes plant responses to biotic stress.

PMID:
42619258
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 20 Aug 2026.

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