Interoceptive effects of N₁-substituted lysergamides in rats: Role of agonist affinity at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors and in vivo metabolism to lysergic acid diethylamide.

Authors

Michael D Berquist, Brenda M Gannon, Kevin M Honeywell, Hannah E Shaw, Theresa M Carbonaro, Laura A Kozell, Atheir I Abbas, William E Schutzer, Marina Avram, Jeffrey H Moran, William E Fantegrossi

Published in

The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics. Pages 104988. Jul 17, 2026. Epub Jul 17, 2026.

Abstract

Novel analogs of the psychedelic lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) have emerged on the gray market in recent years, typically containing substitutions to the ergoline scaffold on the indole (N₁) nitrogen or at the diethylamide moiety. In these studies, we screened 4 N₁-substituted drugs (1A-LSD, 1P-LSD, 1B-LSD, and 1CP-LSD) and 1 diethylamide-substituted drug (LSZ) in assays of serotonin receptor binding, LSD-like discriminative stimulus effects, and disposition in rat blood after systemic injection. As compared with LSD, we found that all of the N₁-substituted drugs exhibited worse affinity for and/or weaker efficacy at 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)_1A, 5-HT_2A, 5-HT_2B, and 5-HT_2C receptors, while LSZ displayed an LSD-like binding profile at these sites. Despite their impaired receptor affinities and efficacies, the N₁-substituted compounds all fully substituted for LSD in the rat, as did the diethylamide-substituted LSZ. Following systemic injection of the N₁-substituted drugs at doses producing full substitution for LSD, we detected similar high blood levels of LSD at time points relevant to the behavioral assay, suggesting that these compounds are converted to LSD in vivo. In contrast, LSZ was the only species detected after its administration, which, combined with its high-affinity binding and intrinsic efficacy at psychedelic-relevant receptors, implies that it is biologically active on its own. These studies highlighted the role of pharmacokinetics and analytical chemistry in connecting seemingly disparate in vitro and in vivo drug profiles and strongly implied that variability in human metabolism of these compounds may result in dramatically different pharmacologic effects across individuals. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Four N₁-substituted lysergamides (1A-lysergic acid diethylamide [LSD], 1P-LSD, 1B-LSD, and 1CP-LSD) and 1 diethylamide-substituted drug were screened for serotonin receptor binding, LSD-like discriminative stimulus effects, and disposition in rat blood. Despite their generally impaired receptor binding profiles compared with LSD, all the N₁-substituted lysergamides were LSD-like in vivo, most likely through metabolic conversion to LSD. In contrast, the diethylamide-substituted drug exhibited LSD-like affinities and efficacy at 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors, was not metabolically converted to LSD, and elicited potent LSD-like interoceptive effects.

PMID:
42629248
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 22 Aug 2026.

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