Quantitative evaluation of bisphenol A, S, and F migration from canned beverages: impact of storage conditions and associated health risk assessment.

Authors

Gursel Isci

Published in

Food research international (Ottawa, Ont.). Volume 242. Issue Pt 2. Pages 119878. Oct 31, 2026. Epub Jun 27, 2026.

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) and its analogs, bisphenol S (BPS) and bisphenol F (BPF), are endocrine-disrupting chemicals commonly migrating from epoxy linings in canned beverages, posing health risks such as reproductive disorders and metabolic issues. This study investigated BPA, BPS, and BPF migration from canned soft drinks sold in Turkiye, considering storage conditions (4 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C for 3-90 days) and pH effects, with human health risk assessment. The sample comprised eight products from local and international brands. Samples were stored under simulated conditions and extracted using an innovative magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) with Fe-Al MMH@TiO2-CTAB sorbent (50 mg/20 mL sample, 45 s vortex, 1 mL acetonitrile desorption). Analysis was performed via HPLC-PDA. Method validation yielded LOD/LOQ of 0.02-0.05/0.06-0.15 μg/L, R² > 0.9908, intra-/inter-day %RSD 1.1-7.1%, and recoveries 80.2-118.9%. Migration levels (μg/L) increased with temperature and time, negatively correlating with pH (r = -0.28). BPA averaged 0.581 (max 2.20 in cola at 40 °C/90 days), BPS 0.026, BPF 0.052. Cola and fruit-flavored groups showed highest migration due to low pH (<3). Pearson correlations confirmed strong positive effects of duration (r = 0.77-0.81) and moderate for temperature (r = 0.34-0.43). Risk assessment revealed EDI 0.000056-0.00254 μg/kg/day, HQ 0.278-12.70, HI 5.33-14.44 (exceeding 1 in acidic groups), but LCR <10^{-10} (negligible cancer risk). Findings align with recent literature, emphasizing pH-driven migration in acidic beverages and the need for BPA-free linings. This study provides critical data for regulatory guidelines in emerging markets like Turkiye, where soft drink consumption exceeds 3.5 billion liters annually.

PMID:
42632720
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 23 Aug 2026.

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