Authors
Xiaodie Lin, Xiaoliu Wang, Wensheng Wang, Jiajie Shen, Renren Sun, Chenjun Zhang, Ziqi Sun, Mengru Wang, Zongxian Yang, Jishi Wei, Feng Huo, Xiao Liang
Published in
Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English). Pages e5077478. Aug 23, 2026. Epub Aug 23, 2026.
Abstract
The MnO2/Mn2+ redox chemistry is attractive for energy-dense aqueous batteries, offering high theoretical capacity and favorable redox potential. However, the practical reversibility of this chemistry is severely limited by competing reaction pathways, including Mn3+ disproportionation, "dead Mn" accumulation, and parasitic reactions. Rather than focusing primarily on material-performance advances in the appealing Zn-MnO2 batteries, this review develops a thermodynamic framework for understanding MnO2/Mn2+ conversion chemistry. It emphasizes the fundamental thermodynamic principles governing MnO2/Mn2+ reaction-pathway selection, interfacial evolution, and failure mechanisms. Within this framework, controlling factors and representative strategies-including local proton and Mn2+ activities, interfacial water structure, and oxide formation/dissolution energetics-are systematically discussed through equilibrium-state, quasi-equilibrium-state, and concatenated thermodynamic regulation perspectives. Future research directions toward operando activity mapping, mediator selectivity design, and full-cell thermodynamic compatibility are also outlined. These insights aim to shift MnO2/Mn2+-based aqueous batteries from empirical optimization toward thermodynamic design rules for stable, efficient, and high-energy redox chemistry.
PMID:
42633680
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 24 Aug 2026.
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