An integrative approach for studying immunological variation in an aging population - The Milieu Intérieur follow-up study.

Authors

Anthony Jaquaniello, Florian Dubois, Farah Rahal, Tom Dott, Slobodan Culina, Chloe Albert-Vega, Mélanie Briard, Vincent Rouilly, Etienne Villain, Violaine Saint-André, Divya Unni, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Emma Bloch, Michael White, Milena Hasan, Lluis Quintana-Murci, Etienne Patin, Darragh Duffy, Milieu Intérieur Consortium

Published in

Nature communications. Volume 17. Issue 1. May 22, 2026. Epub May 22, 2026.

Abstract

Human immune responses vary across individuals due to both genetic and environmental factors. We previously established the Milieu Intérieur cohort to define boundaries of healthy immune variation and identify their determinants. To evaluate how immune responses change over time and test whether immune states can predict future disease, we conducted a 10-year follow-up of the cohort. Here we show widespread changes in humoral responses to pathogens over this period, including unexpected seroreversion of cytomegalovirus (CMV) status, despite a general age-related increase in CMV antibodies. We also investigated whether immune profiles at initial recruitment are associated with disease development a decade later. Strikingly, whole blood transcriptional responses to Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans stimulation were predictive of subsequent infectious disease. Collectively, the Milieu Intérieur longitudinal study represents a valuable resource for evaluating immune aging and may help identify predictors of adverse health outcomes.

PMID:
42173848
Bibliographic data and abstract were imported from PubMed on 25 Aug 2026.

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